1. Farfan HF, Huberdeau RM, Dubow HI. Lumbar interververtebral disc degeneration: the influence of geometrical features on the pattern of disc degeneration--a post mortem study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1972 54A:492–510. PMID:
5055149.
2. Jackson RP, Simmons EH, Stripinis D. Coronal and sagittal plane spinal deformities correlating with back pain and pulmonary function in adult idiopathic scoliosis. Spine 1989 14:1391–1397. PMID:
2533406.
3. Kostuik JP, Bentivoglio J. The incidence of low-back pain in adult scoliosis. Spine 1981 6:268–273. PMID:
6455747.
4. Van Dam BE. Nonoperative treatment of adult scoliosis. Orthop Clin North Am 1988 19:347–351. PMID:
3282202.
5. Dickson JH, Mirkovic S, Noble PC, Nalty T, Erwin WD. Results of operative treatment of idiopathic scoliosis in adults. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1995 77:513–523. PMID:
7713967.
6. Balderston RA, Winter RB, Moe JH, Bradford DS, Lonstein JE. Fusion to the sacrum for nonparalytic scoliosis in the adult. Spine 1986 11:824–829. PMID:
3027899.
7. Kostuik JP, Hall BB. Spine fusion to the sacrum in adults with scoliosis. Spine 1983 8:489–500. PMID:
6648699.
8. Saer EH 3rd, Winter RB, Lonstein JE. Long scoliosis fusion to the sacrum in adults with nonparalytic scoliosis. An improved method. Spine 1990 15:650–653. PMID:
2218710.
9. Emami A, Deviren V, Berven S, Smith JA, Hu SS, Bradford DS. Outcome and complications of long fusion to the sacrum in adult spine deformity: Luque-Galveston, combined iliac and sacral screws, and sacral fixation. Spine 2002 27:776–786. PMID:
11923673.
10. Eck KR, Bridwell KH, Ungacta FF, et al. Complications and results of long adult deformity fusions down to L4, L5, and the sacrum. Spine 2001 26:E182–E192. PMID:
11337635.
11. Tsuchiya K, Bridwell KH, Kuklo TR, Lenke LG, Baldus C. Minimum 5-year analysis of L5-S1 fusion using sacropelvic fixation (bilateral S1 and iliac screws) for spinal deformity. Spine 2006 31:303–308. PMID:
16449903.
12. Perennou D, Marcelli C, Herisson C, Simon L. Adult lumbar scoliosis: epidemiologic aspects in a low-back pain population. Spine 1994 19:123–128. PMID:
8153817.
13. Robin G, Span Y, Makin M, Steinberg R. Scoliosis in the elderly: idiopathic or osteoporotic. Proceedings of the 5th Zorab scoliosis symposium 1976 London:
14. Kim JH, Suk SI, Chung ER, et al. Epidemiologic study of lumbar scoliosis with plain abdominal X-ray. J Korean Spine Surg 2004 11:246–252.
15. Dick W, Widmer H. Degenerative lumbar scoliosis and spinal stenosis. Orthopade 1993 22:232–242. PMID:
8414480.
16. Fellrath RF Jr, Hanley EN Jr. Causes and management of unstable degenerative spinal stenosis. J South Orthop Assoc 1996 5:221–228. PMID:
8884710.
17. Cotrel Y, Dubousset J, Guillaumat M. New universal instrumentation in spinal surgery. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1988 277:10–23. PMID:
3338200.
18. Cotler JM, Cotler HB. Spinal fusion: science and technique. 1990.New York: Springer-Verlag;
19. Swank S, Lonstein JE, Moe JH, Winter RB, Bradford DS. Surgical treatment of adult scoliosis. A review of two hundred and twenty-two cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1981 63:268–287. PMID:
6450768.
20. Simmons ED, Huckell CB, Zheug Y. Proximal kyphosis, "Tapping Off Syndrmoe," and retrolisthesis secondary to multilevel lumbar fusion in the elderly patients 2005 In: SRS annual meeting; Miami.
21. Berven S, Deviren V, Demir-Deviren S, Hu SS, Bradford DS. Studies in the modified Scoliosis Research Society outcomes instrument in adults: validation, reliability, and discriminatory capacity. Spine 2003 28:2164–2169. PMID:
14501930.
22. Booth KC, Bridwell KH, Lenke LG, Baldus CR, Blanke KM. Complications and predictive factors for the successful treatment of flatback deformity (fixed sagittal imbalance). Spine 1999 15:1712–1720. PMID:
10472106.
23. Farcy JP, Schwab FJ. Management of flat back and related kyphotic decompensation syndromes. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1997 22:2452–2457. PMID:
9355229.
24. Bridwell KH. Selection of instrumentation and fusion levels for scoliosis: where to start and where to stop. Invited submission from the Joint Section Meeting on Disorders of the Spine and Peripheral Nerves, March 2004. J Neurosurg Spine 2004 1:1–8. PMID:
15291013.