1. Dubousset J,Three-dimensional analysis of the scoliotic deformity. Weinstein SL, editors. Pediatric spine: principle and practice. New York (NY): Raven Press; 1994. p.479–96.
3. Ames CP, Blondel B, Scheer JK, et al. Cervical radiographical alignment: comprehensive assessment techniques and potential importance in cervical myelopathy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2013 38(22 Suppl 1): S149–60.
8. Legaye J, Duval-Beaupere G. Sagittal plane alignment of the spine and gravity: a radiological and clinical evaluation. Acta Orthop Belg 2005 71:213–20.
9. Roussouly P, Gollogly S, Berthonnaud E, Labelle H, Weidenbaum M. Sagittal alignment of the spine and pelvis in the presence of L5-S1 isthmic lysis and low-grade spondylolisthesis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2006 31:2484–90.
10. Vialle R, Levassor N, Rillardon L, Templier A, Skalli W, Guigui P. Radiographic analysis of the sagittal alignment and balance of the spine in asymptomatic subjects. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2005 87:260–7.
11. Glassman SD, Bridwell K, Dimar JR, Horton W, Berven S, Schwab F. The impact of positive sagittal balance in adult spinal deformity. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2005 30:2024–9.
12. Terran J, Schwab F, Shaffrey CI, et al. The SRS-Schwab adult spinal deformity classification: assessment and clinical correlations based on a prospective operative and nonoperative cohort. Neurosurgery 2013 73:559–68.
13. Schwab FJ, Blondel B, Bess S, et al. Radiographical spinopelvic parameters and disability in the setting of adult spinal deformity: a prospective multicenter analysis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2013 38:E803–12.
14. Shahi P, Chadha M, Sehgal A, et al. Sagittal balance, pulmonary function, and spinopelvic parameters in severe post-tubercular thoracic kyphosis. Asian Spine J 2021 May 10 [Epub].
https://doi.org/10.31616/asj.2020.0464
15. Shimokawa T, Miyamoto K, Hioki A, et al. Compensatory pelvic retro-rotation associated with a decreased quality of life in patients with normal sagittal balance. Asian Spine J 2021 May 11 [Epub].
https://doi.org/10.31616/asj.2020.0449
22. Hyun SJ, Kim KJ, Jahng TA, Kim HJ. Clinical impact of T1 slope minus cervical lordosis after multilevel posterior cervical fusion surgery: a minimum 2-year follow up data. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2017 42:1859–64.
23. Lee SH, Kim KT, Seo EM, Suk KS, Kwack YH, Son ES. The influence of thoracic inlet alignment on the craniocervical sagittal balance in asymptomatic adults. J Spinal Disord Tech 2012 25:E41–7.
24. Lafage R, Challier V, Liabaud B, et al. Natural head posture in the setting of sagittal spinal deformity: validation of chin-brow vertical angle, slope of line of sight, and McGregor’s slope with health-related quality of life. Neurosurgery 2016 79:108–15.
28. Protopsaltis TS, Scheer JK, Terran JS, et al. How the neck affects the back: changes in regional cervical sagittal alignment correlate to HRQOL improvement in adult thoracolumbar deformity patients at 2-year follow-up. J Neurosurg Spine 2015 23:153–8.
29. Smith JS, Shaffrey CI, Lafage V, et al. Spontaneous improvement of cervical alignment after correction of global sagittal balance following pedicle subtraction osteotomy. J Neurosurg Spine 2012 17:300–7.
31. Diebo BG, Ferrero E, Lafage R, et al. Recruitment of compensatory mechanisms in sagittal spinal malalignment is age and regional deformity dependent: a full-standing axis analysis of key radiographical parameters. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2015 40:642–9.
33. Day LM, Ramchandran S, Jalai CM, et al. Thoracolumbar realignment surgery results in simultaneous reciprocal changes in lower extremities and cervical spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2017 42:799–807.
34. Shimizu T, Lehman RA Jr, Sielatycki JA, et al. Reciprocal change of sagittal profile in unfused spinal segments and lower extremities after complex adult spinal deformity surgery including spinopelvic fixation: a full-body X-ray analysis. Spine J 2020 20:380–90.
36. Janusz P, Tyrakowski M, Kotwicki T, Siemionow K. Cervical sagittal alignment in Scheuermann disease. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2015 40:E1226–32.
41. Ferrero E, Liabaud B, Challier V, et al. Role of pelvic translation and lower-extremity compensation to maintain gravity line position in spinal deformity. J Neurosurg Spine 2016 24:436–46.
43. Yoshida G, Alzakri A, Pointillart V, et al. Global spinal alignment in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2018 43:E154–62.
44. Deschenes S, Charron G, Beaudoin G, et al. Diagnostic imaging of spinal deformities: reducing patients radiation dose with a new slot-scanning X-ray imager. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2010 35:989–94.
45. Dubousset J, Charpak G, Dorion I, et al. Le systeme EOS: nouvelle imagerie osteo-articulaire basse dose en position debout. The EOS system: new low-dose osteoarticular imaging in a standing position. e-Mem Acad Natl Chir 2005 4:22–7.
49. Smith JS, Singh M, Klineberg E, et al. Surgical treatment of pathological loss of lumbar lordosis (flatback) in patients with normal sagittal vertical axis achieves similar clinical improvement as surgical treatment of elevated sagittal vertical axis: clinical article. J Neurosurg Spine 2014 21:160–70.
50. Protopsaltis TS, Diebo BG, Lafage R, et al. Identifying thoracic compensation and predicting reciprocal thoracic kyphosis and proximal junctional kyphosis in adult spinal deformity surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2018 43:1479–86.
51. Cacho-Rodrigues P, Campana M, Obeid I, Vital JM, Gille O. Sagittal correction and reciprocal changes after thoracic pedicle subtraction osteotomy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2016 41:E791–7.
53. Oh T, Scheer JK, Eastlack R, et al. Cervical compensatory alignment changes following correction of adult thoracic deformity: a multicenter experience in 57 patients with a 2-year follow-up. J Neurosurg Spine 2015 22:658–65.
54. Neuman BJ, Harris A, Jain A, et al. Reciprocal changes in cervical alignment after thoracolumbar arthrodesis for adult spinal deformity. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2019 44:E1311–6.
56. Yagi M, Takeda K, Machida M, Asazuma T. Discordance of gravity line and C7PL in patient with adult spinal deformity: factors affecting the occiput-trunk sagittal discordance. Spine J 2015 15:213–21.
57. Hyun SJ, Kim KJ, Jahng TA. The differential effect of cervical kyphosis correction surgery on global sagittal alignment and health-related quality of life according to head- and trunk-balanced subtype. J Neurosurg Spine 2021 Apr 2 [Epub].
https://doi.org/10.3171/2020.9.SPINE201309
60. Daubs MD, Hung M, Neese A, et al. Scoliosis research society-22 results in 3052 healthy adolescents aged 10 to 19 years. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2014 39:826–32.
62. Diebo BG, Varghese JJ, Lafage R, Schwab FJ, Lafage V. Sagittal alignment of the spine: what do you need to know? Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2015 139:295–301.
63. Ames CP, Smith JS, Eastlack R, et al. Reliability assessment of a novel cervical spine deformity classification system. J Neurosurg Spine 2015 23:673–83.
65. Hyun SJ, Han S, Kim KJ, Jahng TA, Kim HJ. Assessment of T1 slope minus cervical lordosis and C2-7 sagittal vertical axis criteria of a cervical spine deformity classification system using long-term follow-up data after multilevel posterior cervical fusion surgery. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2019 16:20–6.
66. Virk S, Passias P, Lafage R, et al. Intraoperative alignment goals for distinctive sagittal morphotypes of severe cervical deformity to achieve optimal improvements in health-related quality of life measures. Spine J 2020 20:1267–75.