1. Mitchell GA. The lumbosacral junction. J Bone Joint Surg 1934 16:233–254.
2. Abitbol MM. Evolution of the lumbosacral angle. Am J Phys Anthropol 1987 72:361–372. PMID:
3107397.
3. Abitbol MM. Sacral curvature and supine posture. Am J Phys Anthropol 1989 80:379–389. PMID:
2589477.
4. Steinberg EL, Luger E, Arbel R, Menachem A, Dekel S. A comparative roentgenographic analysis of the lumbar spine in male army recruits with and without lower back pain. Clin Radiol 2003 58:985–989. PMID:
14654032.
5. Harrison DD, Cailliet R, Janik TJ, Troyanovich SJ, Harrison DE, Holland B. Elliptical modeling of the sagittal lumbar lordosis and segmental rotation angles as a method to discriminate between normal and low back pain subjects. J Spinal Disord 1998 11:430–439. PMID:
9811104.
6. Kumar MN, Baklanov A, Chopin D. Correlation between sagittal plane changes and adjacent segment degeneration following lumbar spine fusion. Eur Spine J 2001 10:314–319. PMID:
11563617.
7. Schlegel JD, Smith JA, Schleusener RL. Lumbar motion segment pathology adjacent to thoracolumbar, lumbar, and lumbosacral fusions. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1996 21:970–981. PMID:
8726202.
8. Hosoe H, Ohmori K. Degenerative lumbosacral spondylolisthesis: possible factors which predispose the fifth lumbar vertebra to slip. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2008 90:356–359. PMID:
18310760.
9. Hammerberg KW. New concepts on the pathogenesis and classification of spondylolisthesis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2005 30(6 Suppl): S4–S11. PMID:
15767885.
10. Labelle H, Roussouly P, Berthonnaud E, Dimnet J, O'Brien M. The importance of spino-pelvic balance in L5-s1 developmental spondylolisthesis: a review of pertinent radiologic measurements. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2005 30:S27–S34.
11. Keller TS, Colloca CJ, Harrison DE, Harrison DD, Janik TJ. Influence of spine morphology on intervertebral disc loads and stresses in asymptomatic adults: implications for the ideal spine. Spine J 2005 5:297–309. PMID:
15863086.
12. Kim SY, Maeng DH, Lee SH, Jang JS. Anterior lumbar interbody fusion for lumbosacral junction in steep sacral slope. J Spinal Disord Tech 2008 21:33–38. PMID:
18418134.
13. Cunningham BW, Lewis SJ, Long J, Dmitriev AE, Linville DA, Bridwell KH. Biomechanical evaluation of lumbosacral reconstruction techniques for spondylolisthesis: an in vitro porcine model. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2002 27:2321–2327. PMID:
12438979.
14. Siepe CJ, Hitzl W, Meschede P, Sharma AK, Khattab MF, Mayer MH. Interdependence between disc space height, range of motion and clinical outcome in total lumbar disc replacement. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2009 34:904–916. PMID:
19531999.
15. Siepe CJ, Mayer HM, Heinz-Leisenheimer M, Korge A. Total lumbar disc replacement: different results for different levels. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2007 32:782–790. PMID:
17414914.
16. Siepe CJ, Korge A, Grochulla F, Mehren C, Mayer HM. Analysis of post-operative pain patterns following total lumbar disc replacement: results from fluoroscopically guided spine infiltrations. Eur Spine J 2008 17:44–56. PMID:
17972116.
17. Park CK, Ryu KS, Jee WH. Degenerative changes of discs and facet joints in lumbar total disc replacement using ProDisc II: minimum two-year follow-up. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2008 33:1755–1761. PMID:
18580548.
18. Schwab F, Lafage V, Patel A, Farcy JP. Sagittal plane considerations and the pelvis in the adult patient. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2009 34:1828–1833. PMID:
19644334.
19. Siepe CJ, Tepass A, Hitzl W, et al. Dynamics of improvement following total lumbar disc replacement: is the outcome predictable? Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2009 34:2579–2586. PMID:
19927108.
20. Vialle R, Levassor N, Rillardon L, Templier A, Skalli W, Guigui P. Radiographic analysis of the sagittal alignment and balance of the spine in asymptomatic subjects. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2005 87:260–267. PMID:
15687145.
21. Boulay C, Tardieu C, Hecquet J, et al. Sagittal alignment of spine and pelvis regulated by pelvic incidence: standard values and prediction of lordosis. Eur Spine J 2006 15:415–422. PMID:
16179995.
22. Legaye J, Duval-Beaupere G. Sagittal plane alignment of the spine and gravity: a radiological and clinical evaluation. Acta Orthop Belg 2005 71:213–220. PMID:
16152857.
23. Roussouly P, Gollogly S, Berthonnaud E, Dimnet J. Classification of the normal variation in the sagittal alignment of the human lumbar spine and pelvis in the standing position. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2005 30:346–353. PMID:
15682018.
24. Wang Y, Qiu Y, Wang B, et al. Radiologic analysis of factors predicting the surgical reduction of lumbar spondylolisthesis. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2009 47:289–292. PMID:
19570394.
25. Mac-Thiong JM, Wang Z, de Guise JA, Labelle H. Postural model of sagittal spino-pelvic alignment and its relevance for lumbosacral developmental spondylolisthesis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2008 33:2316–2325. PMID:
18827698.
26. Sinigaglia R, Bundy A, Costantini S, Nena U, Finocchiaro F, Monterumici DA. Comparison of single-level L4-L5 versus L5-S1 lumbar disc replacement: results and prognostic factors. Eur Spine J 2009 18(Suppl 1): 52–63.
27. Bernhardt M, Bridwell KH. Segmental analysis of the sagittal plane alignment of the normal thoracic and lumbar spines and thoracolumbar junction. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1989 14:717–721. PMID:
2772721.
28. Stagnara P, De Mauroy JC, Dran G, et al. Reciprocal angulation of vertebral bodies in a sagittal plane: approach to references for the evaluation of kyphosis and lordosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1982 7:335–342. PMID:
7135066.
29. Jackson RP, McManus AC. Radiographic analysis of sagittal plane alignment and balance in standing volunteers and patients with low back pain matched for age, sex, and size: a prospective controlled clinical study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1994 19:1611–1618. PMID:
7939998.