1. Shen M, Kim Y. Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: a review of current surgical management techniques. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ) 2007;36:241–8.
2. Jung HJ, Park YS, Seo HY, et al. Quality of life in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. J Bone Metab 2017;24:187–96.
4. Crans GG, Silverman SL, Genant HK, Glass EV, Krege JH. Association of severe vertebral fractures with reduced quality of life: reduction in the incidence of severe vertebral fractures by teriparatide. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:4028–34.
5. Esses SI, McGuire R, Jenkins J, et al. The treatment of symptomatic osteoporotic spinal compression fractures. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2011;19:176–82.
6. Parreira PCS, Maher CG, Megale RZ, March L, Ferreira ML. An overview of clinical guidelines for the management of vertebral compression fracture: a systematic review. Spine J 2017;17:1932–8.
7. Buchbinder R, Osborne RH, Ebeling PR, et al. A randomized trial of vertebroplasty for painful osteoporotic vertebral fractures. N Engl J Med 2009;361:557–68.
8. Kallmes DF, Comstock BA, Heagerty PJ, et al. A randomized trial of vertebroplasty for osteoporotic spinal fractures. N Engl J Med 2009;361:569–79.
10. Wardlaw D, Cummings SR, Van Meirhaeghe J, et al. Efficacy and safety of balloon kyphoplasty compared with non-surgical care for vertebral compression fracture (FREE): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2009;373:1016–24.
11. Silverman SL. The clinical consequences of vertebral compression fracture. Bone 1992;13 Suppl 2:S27–31.
12. Ameis A, Randhawa K, Yu H, et al. The Global Spine Care Initiative: a review of reviews and recommendations for the non-invasive management of acute osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture pain in low- and middle-income communities. Eur Spine J 2018;27(Suppl 6): 861–9.
15. Bavry AA, Khaliq A, Gong Y, Handberg EM, Cooper-Dehoff RM, Pepine CJ. Harmful effects of NSAIDsamong patients with hypertension and coronary artery disease. Am J Med 2011;124:614–20.
18. Pappagallo M, Breuer B, Lin HM, et al. A pilot trial of intravenous pamidronate for chronic low back pain. Pain 2014;155:108–17.
19. Nevitt MC, Chen P, Dore RK, et al. Reduced risk of back pain following teriparatide treatment: a meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 2006;17:273–80.
22. Genev IK, Tobin MK, Zaidi SP, Khan SR, Amirouche FML, Mehta AI. Spinal compression fracture management: a review of current treatment strategies and possible future avenues. Global Spine J 2017;7:71–82.
25. Dai LY, Jiang LS, Jiang SD. Conservative treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures: a long-term follow-up results with special reference to the load sharing classification. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2008;33:2536–44.
26. Dionyssiotis Y, Trovas G, Thoma S, Lyritis G, Papaioannou N. Prospective study of spinal orthoses in women. Prosthet Orthot Int 2015;39:487–95.
27. Rajasekaran S, Kanna RM, Schnake KJ, et al. Osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures: how are they different?: classification and treatment algorithm. J Orthop Trauma 2017;31 Suppl 4:S49–56.
28. Han S, Jang HD, Choi S, et al. Changes in physical activity and risk of fracture: a Korean nationwide population-based cohort study. Sci Rep 2020;10:16266.
30. Giangregorio LM, Papaioannou A, Macintyre NJ, et al. Too fit to fracture: exercise recommendations for individuals with osteoporosis or osteoporotic vertebral fracture. Osteoporos Int 2014;25:821–35.
32. Denaro V, Longo UG, Maffulli N, Denaro L. Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty. Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab 2009;6:125–30.
33. Yokoyama K, Kawanishi M, Yamada M, et al. Postoperative change in sagittal balance after kyphoplasty for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture. Eur Spine J 2015;24:744–9.
36. Pingel A, Kandziora F, Hoffmann CH. Osteoporotic L1 burst fracture treated by short-segment percutaneous stabilization with cement-augmented screws and kyphoplasty (hybrid technique). Eur Spine J 2014;23:2022–3.
39. Bouza C, Lopez T, Magro A, Navalpotro L, Amate JM. Efficacy and safety of balloon kyphoplasty in the treatment of vertebral compression fractures: a systematic review. Eur Spine J 2006;15:1050–67.
42. Lavelle WF, Cheney R. Recurrent fracture after vertebral kyphoplasty. Spine J 2006;6:488–93.
43. Yu W, Xu W, Jiang X, Liang D, Jian W. Risk factors for recollapse of the augmented vertebrae after percutaneous vertebral augmentation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World Neurosurg 2018;111:119–29.
44. Fribourg D, Tang C, Sra P, Delamarter R, Bae H. Incidence of subsequent vertebral fracture after kyphoplasty. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2004;29:2270–6.
45. Li YA, Lin CL, Chang MC, Liu CL, Chen TH, Lai SC. Subsequent vertebral fracture after vertebroplasty: incidence and analysis of risk factors. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2012;37:179–83.
46. Noriega D, Marcia S, Theumann N, et al. A prospective, international, randomized, noninferiority study comparing an titanium implantable vertebral augmentation device versus balloon kyphoplasty in the reduction of vertebral compression fractures (SAKOS study). Spine J 2020;20:2039–40.
47. Berlemann U, Ferguson SJ, Nolte LP, Heini PF. Adjacent vertebral failure after vertebroplasty: a biomechanical investigation. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2002;84:748–52.
48. Chiang CK, Wang YH, Yang CY, Yang BD, Wang JL. Prophylactic vertebroplasty may reduce the risk of adjacent intact vertebra from fatigue injury: an ex vivo biomechanical study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2009;34:356–64.
49. De Leacy R, Chandra RV, Barr JD, et al. The evidentiary basis of vertebral augmentation: a 2019 update. J Neurointerv Surg 2020;12:442–7.
50. Tsujio T, Nakamura H, Terai H, et al. Characteristic radiographic or magnetic resonance images of fresh osteoporotic vertebral fractures predicting potential risk for nonunion: a prospective multicenter study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2011;36:1229–35.
51. Tamai K, Terai H, Suzuki A, et al. Risk factors for proximal junctional fracture following fusion surgery for osteoporotic vertebral collapse with delayed neurological deficits: a retrospective cohort study of 403 patients. Spine Surg Relat Res 2018;3:171–7.
53. Mallepally AR, Marathe N, Sangondimath G, Das K, Chhabra HS. Posterior stabilization without neural decompression in osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures with dynamic cord compression causing incomplete neurological deficits. Global Spine J 2020 Oct 6 [Epub].
https://doi.org/10.1177/2192568220956954
54. Hosogane N, Nojiri K, Suzuki S, et al. Surgical treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fracture with neurological deficit: a nationwide multicenter study in Japan. Spine Surg Relat Res 2019;3:361–7.
56. Ataka H, Tanno T, Yamazaki M. Posterior instrumented fusion without neural decompression for incomplete neurological deficits following vertebral collapse in the osteoporotic thoracolumbar spine. Eur Spine J 2009;18:69–76.
58. Kiner DW, Wybo CD, Sterba W, Yeni YN, Bartol SW, Vaidya R. Biomechanical analysis of different techniques in revision spinal instrumentation: larger diameter screws versus cement augmentation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2008;33:2618–22.
59. Hirano T, Hasegawa K, Takahashi HE, et al. Structural characteristics of the pedicle and its role in screw stability. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1997;22:2504–9.
60. Polly DW Jr, Orchowski JR, Ellenbogen RG. Revision pedicle screws: bigger, longer shims: what is best? Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1998;23:1374–9.
61. Hadjipavlou AG, Nicodemus CL, al-Hamdan FA, Simmons JW, Pope MH. Correlation of bone equivalent mineral density to pull-out resistance of triangulated pedicle screw construct. J Spinal Disord 1997;10:12–9.
62. DeWald CJ, Stanley T. Instrumentation-related complications of multilevel fusions for adult spinal deformity patients over age 65: surgical considerations and treatment options in patients with poor bone quality. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2006;31(19 Suppl): S144–51.
63. Kuklo TR, Lehman RA Jr. Effect of various tapping diameters on insertion of thoracic pedicle screws: a biomechanical analysis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2003;28:2066–71.
64. McCoy S, Tundo F, Chidambaram S, Baaj AA. Clinical considerations for spinal surgery in the osteoporotic patient: a comprehensive review. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2019;180:40–7.
67. Cook SD, Salkeld SL, Stanley T, Faciane A, Miller SD. Biomechanical study of pedicle screw fixation in severely osteoporotic bone. Spine J 2004;4:402–8.
69. Hilibrand AS, Moore DC, Graziano GP. The role of pediculolaminar fixation in compromised pedicle bone. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1996;21:445–51.
70. Soshi S, Shiba R, Kondo H, Murota K. An experimental study on transpedicular screw fixation in relation to osteoporosis of the lumbar spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1991;16:1335–41.
71. Coe JD, Warden KE, Herzig MA, McAfee PC. Influence of bone mineral density on the fixation of thoracolumbar implants: a comparative study of transpedicular screws, laminar hooks, and spinous process wires. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1990;15:902–7.
72. Okuda S, Oda T, Miyauchi A, Haku T, Yamamoto T, Iwasaki M. Surgical outcomes of posterior lumbar interbody fusion in elderly patients: surgical technique. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2007;89 Suppl 2 Pt.2:310–20.
75. Hu SS. Internal fixation in the osteoporotic spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1997;22(24 Suppl): 43S–48S.
77. Lattig F. Bone cement augmentation in the prevention of adjacent segment failure after multilevel adult deformity fusion. J Spinal Disord Tech 2009;22:439–43.
78. Nakashima H, Yukawa Y, Ito K, Horie Y, Machino M, Kato F. Combined posteroanterior surgery for osteoporotic delayed vertebral fracture and neural deficit in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Orthopedics 2009;32:orthosupersite.com/view.asp?rID=43776.
82. Huang RC, Khan SN, Sandhu HS, et al. Alendronate inhibits spine fusion in a rat model. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2005;30:2516–22.
83. Nagahama K, Kanayama M, Togawa D, Hashimoto T, Minami A. Does alendronate disturb the healing process of posterior lumbar interbody fusion?: a prospective randomized trial. J Neurosurg Spine 2011;14:500–7.